3[sigma]-rule for outlier detection from the viewpoint of geodetic adjustment

The so-called 3[sigma]-rule is a simple and widely used heuristic for outlier detection. This term is a genetic term of some statistical hypothesis tests whose test statistics are known as normalized or studentized residuals. The conditions, under which this rule is statistically substantiated, were analyzed, and the extent it applies to geodetic least-squares adjustment was investigated. Then, the efficiency or non-efficiency of this method was analyzed and demonstrated on the example of repeated observations. DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)SU.1943-5428.0000112. CE Database subject headings: Least squares method; Geodetic surveys; Statistics. Author keywords: Least-squares adjustment; Outlier detection; Internally/externally normalized/studentized residuals; Hypothesis tests.

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